Early signs of gum disease
How to spot gum disease early, why bleeding gums matter, and when to see a dentist.
Signs to watch for
- Gums that bleed when you brush or floss
- Red, swollen or tender gums
- Bad breath or a bad taste that does not go away
- Gums pulling back, so teeth look longer
- Teeth that feel sensitive near the gum line
- Later on: loose or shifting teeth, or pus between the teeth and gums
Gingivitis and periodontitis
Gingivitis is inflammation of the gums caused by plaque along the gum line. At this stage the bone is not affected, and the gums can usually recover. If it is left untreated, it can turn into periodontitis, where the gums pull away from the teeth and the supporting bone is slowly lost.
What raises the risk
- Plaque that is not cleaned away every day
- Smoking
- Diabetes
- Hormonal changes, for example during pregnancy
- Some medicines, and a family history of gum disease
What you can do at home
Brush twice a day with fluoride toothpaste, clean between your teeth every day, and avoid smoking. Bleeding is a sign to keep cleaning gently, not to stop.
When to see a dentist
Book a check-up if your gums bleed regularly or you notice any of the signs above. A gum check measures the small spaces between the gums and teeth and may include X-rays. Treatment depends on what is found, from a professional cleaning to a deep cleaning below the gum line.
This page is general information, not a diagnosis. For advice about your own teeth, book a visit.